Social License or Legal Permits? Canada’s Resource Development Crossroads

In June 2025, Canada reignited debate over the role of social license to operate (SLO) versus legal permitting in resource development. Recent delays to approved projects in British Columbia and Alberta have raised concerns about how community opposition can override regulatory processes. Industry groups warn this erodes legal certainty, while others argue that SLO reflects evolving democratic expectations. The debate underscores Canada’s challenge in balancing lawful development, public trust, and Indigenous and environmental rights.