Author: BACademics | Published: 2023
Scope: Peru
This empirical study explores the multi-dimensional nature of the social license to operate (SLO) within the Peruvian mining sector. Based on structured interviews with community leaders, mining executives, and public officials, the research identifies several core factors influencing community acceptance: employment opportunities, environmental protection, transparent governance, and culturally sensitive engagement. The study emphasizes that these components do not function independently; rather, they interact to shape long-term community perceptions of mining legitimacy.
A key contribution of this research is its focus on how perception gaps between communities and mining companies can derail even well-intentioned projects. For example, companies may equate investment in infrastructure or education with positive impact, while communities prioritize water security and land use rights. The study highlights the importance of mutual understanding and notes that the absence of meaningful consultation leads to a breakdown in trust, often interpreted as exploitation or exclusion by affected communities.
This case study closely aligns with recent mining developments in Peru—particularly the Quebradona tensions and the blockades by informal miners. It validates the argument that formal processes and economic logic alone cannot ensure smooth operations. As seen in July 2025, communities are increasingly vocal about environmental and procedural justice, and this research reinforces that genuine SLO must be built through ongoing, place-based engagement, not through top-down transactional approaches.