The United States is facing growing pressure to take a more active role in combating the illicit gold trade, which has become one of the most profitable criminal economies in the Western Hemisphere—surpassing even cocaine in countries such as Colombia and Peru. With gold prices reaching record highs in 2025, transnational criminal networks are using the metal as a low-risk, high-reward vehicle for money laundering. Advocacy groups argue that the U.S., as a major consumer market and financial hub, cannot ignore how illicit gold enters global supply chains and fuels organized crime, environmental destruction, and human rights abuses.
Policy experts have urged Washington to adopt a comprehensive strategy that treats illegal gold as a national security issue. Recommendations include designating illicit gold mining as a predicate offense for money laundering, imposing gold-specific sanctions on criminal actors and facilitating companies, and expanding funding for regional enforcement and intelligence-sharing initiatives. Strengthening due diligence requirements for U.S. refineries, the Mint, and private-sector importers would also close key loopholes that allow “laundered” gold to be disguised as legitimate. These steps would align the fight against illicit gold with existing frameworks used to disrupt conflict diamonds and narcotics financing.
The U.S. also has tools to lead on financial transparency. By requiring disclosure of beneficial ownership in gold trading companies, mandating stricter reporting of gold imports, and supporting the use of blockchain and traceability technologies, Washington can help reduce the flow of dirty gold into global markets. Beyond enforcement, U.S. engagement with Latin American governments is critical to balance law-and-order approaches with investments in sustainable development for communities vulnerable to illegal mining. A stronger U.S. response would not only weaken the financial base of organized crime but also reinforce international norms for responsible sourcing in a sector that has become a hemispheric security challenge.