The Disruptions
In mid-September 2025, copper exports from Peru were disrupted after informal and small-scale miners staged roadblocks to protest new government rules under the REINFO formalization regime. Demonstrators argued that the requirements for renewing permits and complying with environmental and explosives- storage regulations were overly burdensome and risked pushing thousands of miners out of business. The blockades affected highways in key mining corridors, delaying copper shipments from Peru’s southern mining belt to export terminals, and forcing some logistics operators to reroute or suspend deliveries.
Stakeholder Demands
The protests were organized by unions representing artisanal miners, who claim that red tape and short deadlines make legal compliance practically impossible for smaller operators. While the government insists that REINFO is essential to curb illegality, improve safety, and reduce environmental harm, miners view the system as favoring large companies while excluding the livelihoods of thousands in rural areas. The standoff underscores a growing divide between formalized and informal mining sectors, raising questions about inclusivity, social equity, and how benefits from Peru’s mineral wealth are distributed.
Broader Implications
The roadblocks highlight how unresolved License to Operate (LTO) challenges in Peru can directly impact the global copper market. As the world’s second-largest copper producer, disruptions in Peru quickly ripple through supply chains and pricing. Analysts warn that if tensions are not resolved through dialogue, further protests could escalate, undermining investor confidence and complicating Peru’s ambitions to attract new mining investment. The situation illustrates the delicate balance between enforcing responsible mining practices and maintaining social stability in regions where informal mining provides a crucial economic lifeline.