Title: Illegal Gold Mining in Madre de Dios: Evaluating Current Policies and Proposals for Formalization
Author/Institution: Andrea Benavides – Master’s Thesis, University of Texas at Austin
Publication Year: 2020
Policy Context and Problem Definition
Benavides evaluates Peru’s long-standing struggle to formalize artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in the Amazonian region of Madre de Dios. The thesis identifies the contradictions between environmental protection laws and socio-economic realities, arguing that fragmented governance has perpetuated mercury pollution and institutional mistrust.
Methodology and Key Findings
Drawing on policy analysis and stakeholder interviews, the study shows that enforcement campaigns have often prioritized repression over dialogue. Benavides proposes a multi-level formalization model integrating local cooperatives, traceability systems, and credit access to replace illicit economies.
Implications for Environmental Governance
The work concludes that Peru’s enforcement mechanisms must evolve into inclusive, rights-based governance frameworks, aligning with international due diligence standards. Its insights directly inform current regional and Andean Community debates on mercury contamination and Indigenous rights.