Monthly Archives: December 2025

Peru — Pataz: Security, Enforcement, and the Limits of Control

Peru’s REINFO Extensions — When Temporary Becomes Structural

Africa’s Critical Minerals Expansion — Scale, Leverage, and the Governance Gap

Canada’s Critical Minerals Strategy — Credibility, Capacity, and the Long Game

Australia’s Critical Minerals Push — The Stress Test of Western Diversification

Latin America’s Lithium Recalibration — Repositioning Between Power and Delivery

China’s Critical Minerals Expansion — From Market Participation to Structural Leverage

U.S. Critical Minerals Policy Recalibration — From Market Reliance to National Security

Illegal Gold Mining and the Limits of Formalization in Peru

Understanding Peru’s Structural Bottleneck: Where Large-Scale Mining and Informal Mining Collide